Hydrology & Hydraulics

Hydrology (thủy văn học, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and drainage basin sustainability.

Hydraulics (thủy lực học, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and αὐλός (aulós) 'pipe') is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.

Terminologies

A drainage basin (lưu vực) is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.

A tributary (phụ lưu), or an affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (main stem or "parent"), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean.

A distributary (phân lưu, chi lưu), or a distributary channel is a stream channel that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. It is the opposite of a tributary, a stream that flows towards and into another stream or river.

A drainage divide (Đường phân thủy), water divide, ridgeline, watershed, water parting or height of land is elevated terrain that separates neighboring drainage basins.

In meteorology, precipitation (giáng thủy) is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull.

A river mouth (cửa sông) is where a river flows into a larger body of water, such as another river, a lake/reservoir, a bay/gulf, a sea, or an ocean.

A river delta (châu thổ) is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. This occurs at a river mouth, when it enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, or (more rarely) another river that cannot carry away the supplied sediment.
How deltas are formed short Youtube video

A meander (đoạn uốn khúc) is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank (cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is typically a point bar.

References

video youtube của thầy ở ĐH Nha Trang