Plantae Kingdom - giới Thực Vật
Angiospermae Clade
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs and vines, and most aquatic plants.
The term angiosperm is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / angeion ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / sperma ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants.
Rosaceae the rose family (họ hoa hồng), is a family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.
Rubus (chi mâm xôi) is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries
Monocotyledon & dicotyledon Clade
Monocotyledons or Thực vật một lá mầm commonly referred to as monocots, are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon.
Most monocots are herbaceous.
Herbaceous (Thực vật thân thảo, thảo mộc) plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
A forb or phorb is a herbaceous flowering plant that is not a graminoid (grass, sedge, or rush).
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls, thực vật hai lá mầm), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided.
The eudicots or eudicotyledons are flowering plants that have two seed leaves (cotyledons) upon germination.[1] The term derives from dicotyledon (etymologically, eu = true; di = two; cotyledon = seed leaf).
Arecales
Arecales (bộ cau) is an order of flowering plants.
The Arecaceae (họ cau, họ dừa, họ cọ) is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales.
thốt nốt họ cau, bản địa của Nam Á và Đông Nam Á, phân bố từ Indonesia đến Pakistan.
Ericales Order
The Ericales (bộ Đỗ quyên) are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, and azalea.
Asterids (nhánh hoa cúc) are a large clade (monophyletic group) of flowering plants, composed of 17 orders and more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species.
Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae.
The Ebenaceae (họ thị) are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs.
Malpighiales order
The Malpighiales (bộ sơ ri) comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.
Mù u (danh pháp hai phần: Calophyllum inophyllum) là một cây xanh thuộc họ Cồng (Calophyllaceae), (trước đây nó được coi là thuộc phân họ Kielmeyeroideae của họ Clusiaceae) mọc ở Đông Phi, bờ biển nam Ấn Độ đến Malesia và Úc.
Laurales Order
The Laurales (bộ Nguyệt quế) are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.
The Santalales (bộ Đàn hương) are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus Santalum (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for a number of parasitic plants within the order.
Laurus nobilis (nguyệt quế Hy Lạp) is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glabrous (smooth) leaves. It is in the flowering plant family Lauraceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is used as bay leaf for seasoning in cooking. Its common names include bay tree (esp. United Kingdom), bay laurel, sweet bay, true laurel, Grecian laurel, or simply laurel. Laurus nobilis figures prominently in classical Greco-Roman culture.
A laurel wreath is a symbol of triumph, a wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen.
Laurel and Hardy, mistletoe
Aquifoliales Order
The Aquifoliales (bộ Nhựa ruồi) are an order of flowering plants, including the Aquifoliaceae (holly) family, and also the Helwingiaceae (2-5 species of temperate Asian shrubs) and the Phyllonomaceae (4 species of Central American trees and shrubs).
Ilex (/ˈaɪlɛks/) or holly (nhựa ruồi) is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family.[4] Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus.[5] The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide.
Tracheophytes Clade
Vascular plants or tracheophytes (Thực vật có mạch, hay thực vật bậc cao) are plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
"Tracheophyta" roots from Ancient Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία (trakheîa artēría) 'windpipe' and φυτά (phutá) 'plants'.
Xylem: mạch gỗ
Phloem: mạch rây
Fagales Order
The Fagales (Bộ Cử hay còn gọi bộ dẻ, bộ giẻ, bộ sồi) are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees.
Castanea Genus
The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce.
Santalales Order
The Santalales (Bộ Đàn hương) are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.
Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales.
Betula genus
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula (Chi Cáng lò hay còn gọi chi Bulô, có khi gọi lẫn thành chi Bạch dương)
Moss Phylum
Moss Ngành rêu thật sự
Ferns
ferns (Dương xỉ, Polypodiophyta):
vascular plant
reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers
The order Polypodiales (Bộ Dương xỉ) encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas.
Bracken Genus
Thuốc phiện
Cannabis, hemp, marijuana, Hashish. Narcotic, Meth, Opium, Morphine, Heroin, ecstasy Tobacco, Cigarette, Cigar, Nicotine
Cannabis (plant): gai dầu, cần sa, bồ đà. Hemp: cây gai dầu công nghiệp dùng để lấy fiber Marijuana/weed: cần sa. Refer to the drug from the cannabis plant. Hashish: dạng ép cứng lại https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashish
Narcotic: ma túy; Meth: ma túy đá https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine Opium (or poppy tears): thuốc phiện, á phiện, a phiến, nha phiến Heroin: bạch phiến Ecstasy (or MDMA): thuốc lắc Codeine
Tobacco: thuốc lá Cigarette: thuốc lá; electronic cigarette (or vape) Cigar: Xì gà to hơn cigarette
Corn
stem
cornstalk: the stem of a corn plant, thân cây.
corncob: cùi bắp; Corn on the cob
Ear - ear of corn (tai - bắp ngô). Nhiều người tắc mắc vì sao bắp ngô lại được gọi là "ear of corn" vì hình dạng của bắp ngô trông không giống một cái tai. Thực ra, từ "ear" ở đây có gốc tiếng Anh cổ, chỉ phần ra bông kết hạt của các cây ngũ cốc, khác với từ "ear" tai.
How Many Ears Of Corn Grow On One Stalk?
Other terms
rush: cây bấc; a tall plant like grass that grows near water. Its long thin stems can be dried and used for making baskets, the seats of chairs, etc.
foliage = leaf
Deciduous (cây rụng lá)
Succulent plant: cây mọng nước
In horticulture, the term Perennial (thực vật lâu năm, per- + -ennial, "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than two years.
A biennial plant (cây hai năm) is a flowering plant that, generally in a temperate climate, takes two years to complete its biological life cycle.
An annual plant (cây hằng năm) is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are annuals.[ Obligate parasite (ký sinh bắt buộc) hemiparasitic plant
cultivars (giống cây trồng)
pollen: phấn hoa
bole: the main stem of a tree
Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion while the lower part is called the rootstock.
The gynoecium (một bộ nhụy hoa) may consist of one or more separate pistils (nhụy hoa).
The stamen (nhị hoa, pl.: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium (bộ nhị hoa).
pulses: the seeds of some plants that are eaten as food, such as peas and lentils