English History
43 CE Roman conquered England & Wales.
John (1166 – 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. John was forced to signed the Magna Charta by his barons.
Sir William Wallace (Norman French: William le Waleys; c. 1270 – 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. The film Braveheart.
The invasion of Scotland was started by Edward I (1239 – 1307).
The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages.
The Wars of the Roses, known at the time and in following centuries as the Civil Wars (có "s", not to be confused the English Civil War), were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487.
Henry VIII (1491 – 1547) created his own Church of England.
Mary (1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as Bloody Mary by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain and the Habsburg dominions as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, King Henry VIII. She wanted to return England to Catholicism. Elizabeth was protestant.
Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. After eighteen-and-a-half years in captivity, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586 and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle. Mary's life and execution established her in popular culture as a romanticised historical character. She was a Catholic and the heir to the throne.
Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603) or Queen Bess was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. Elizabeth returned England to Protestantism.
English government structure
Parliament: quốc hội
English Civil War 1642-1651
The English Civil War (Nội chiến Anh) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651.
The Monarch
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; born 1566 – 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603 (following Elizabeth I's death) until his death in 1625. James was a Protestant; the son of Mary, Queen of Scots whom Elizabeth I executed. He was succeeded by his second son, Charles I. James was born in Scotland.
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was an unsuccessful attempted regicide against King James VI of Scotland and I of England by a group of English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who considered their actions attempted tyrannicide and who sought regime change in England after decades of religious persecution.
Charles I (1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 (after the death of his father) until his execution in 1649. He is only one year older than Cromwell.
Charles was a protestant like this father James. But he married Henrietta Maria of France which is a Roman Catholic.
Thời vua Charles I xảy ra conflicts between the King & parliament.
The Whigs were a political party in the Parliaments of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and the 1850s, the Whigs contested power with their rivals, the Tories.
William Laud (LAWD; 1573 – 1645) was a bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Charles I's religious reforms; he was arrested by Parliament in 1640 and executed towards the end of the First English Civil War in January 1645.
Parliament members
Parliament = Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell (1599 – 1658). He was a committed puritan by the mid-1620s
John Pym (20 May 1584 – 8 December 1643)
Thomas Fairfax (1612 – 1671) parliament commander
Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade.[1][2][3] It was part of a wider abolitionism movement in Western Europe and the Americas.
Fun Facts
The flag of Scotland is a saltire (not satire).
Terms
In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.